tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-535466888707339592024-03-05T18:43:58.332+06:00Food Insecurity and Climate Change: Contemporary IssuesBangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-83450938705267246992010-04-11T11:27:00.001+06:002010-04-11T11:31:11.902+06:00Prerequisites of investment decision at stock market<div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Investment decisions at secondary stock market require some basic prerequisites such as analysis of market indices and company fundamentals, stock selection and portfolio risk management. Unfortunately, recent downward trends of Bangladeshi stock market following a bull run indicates that investors should have better knowledge about trading and precautions towards initial investment, especially at the fluctuating secondary market. Market price of different shares on the DSE has experienced 'random walk' due to market anomalies in prices as well as return distortions. Evidently, the aftermath of this slowdown manifests itself in all of its dimensions, which have alarming economic consequences on investment climate including losses of market capitalisation.<br /><br />In fact, stock markets of Bangladesh (DSE and CSE) run below the international standards in terms of its structure, regulations, surveillance and overall monitoring systems. Some investment friendly rules thrust market capitalisation though market suffers for the shortage of good shares. Moreover, inadequate rules and regulations of regulatory bodies for short-term control over market mechanism negatively affect share market. In the meantime, information asymmetry also exists due to the deficient monitoring and supervision. And hence, a downward trend makes investment environment vulnerable to thousand of retail investors.<br /><br />Another decisive factor such as lack of market transparency, short-selling, insider trading and behavioral biases of the investors distort the market efficiency that also leads to unstable situation.<br /><br />Generally, in a distorted market, share pricing depends on what people expect rather than discounted value of expected future dividends, which generates a stock bubble. Notwithstanding, the ultimate effects of the bubble have widespread negative consequences on all outstanding shares of the market.<br /><br />Under the circumstances, initial investors should take some precautionary actions to save his/her investment. The first thing is the time when investors enter into stock markets. Some investors make their decisions while market indices such as DGEN are growing over a short period of time. In such cases within a few weeks, prices settle down automatically and they lose their invested amounts. This is due to the fact that they invest on the basis of misleading information spread by market manipulators. Against this backdrop, selection of brokerage firm is another crucial step to entering at the share market.<br /><br />The second important criterion is the complete understanding of actual statistics as regard to company's share fundamentals. It includes basic understanding on cash flow statement, category of share, profit after tax, net asset value (NAV), earning per share (EPS), price earning ratio (PER), issued dividend, market to book value ratio, regularity of annual general meetings (AGM), margin call ratio, forced sale and other market-timing indicators. Some times high market to book value ratio overestimates the financial value that gives a wrong price signal to the marginal investors which actually overvalued by illegal share exchange activities (alleged manipulations) of market speculators. It is often suggested that price-earning ratio of over 20 of any share is risky for investment, but in the recent bull it reached around 70 for some specific shares.<br /><br />During investment an investor might consider the following specific aspects: total amount of investment, risk bearing capacity, risk-return analysis, risk diversification, better portfolio management considering profit rule, time horizon for the speculative and fundamental gain. For the starters, detection of market asymmetry may be difficult. Occasionally, stock markets can be responsive to macroeconomic indicators and domestic price shocks. As risk and return are related to each other, expectation of quick speculative gain on low category share causes investment risky either lowering the investment or losses of total amount.<br /><br />Regulatory bodies has arranged basic courses on share exchange and trading operation periodically. Interested investor should attend to understand expert opinion about the market structure, opportunities and threads.<br /><br />Actually, there is no trusted formula to predict the possible changes of a stock market because some economic and non-economic factors frequently affect the market prices. Though comparing market performance to a benchmark statistics will be a vital policy imperative, but the foremost criterion while someone invest at secondary share market is that the investors has to act rationally correlating the current market information with predicted future investment environment. This is the way which subsequently increases competency under risky market environment and ability to accommodate with price variability and thereby reduces the investment risks.<br /><br />(The writer is a programme associate at the Centre for Policy Dialogue. Views and opinions expressed in the article are of the writer himself. He can be reached at. e-mail: mg.ahamad@gmail.com)<br /><br />Source: The Financial Express, 11 April 2010.<br />http://fe-bd.com/more.php?news_id=97346&date=2010-04-11<br /></span></div>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-16405177805288203342010-03-09T11:05:00.001+06:002010-03-09T11:10:26.676+06:00Research Resource on Environmental EconomicsIf you are interested on environmental economics; you may click this link<br /><br />http://www.sandeeonline.com/content_disp.php?id=8&cntid=32Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-72143587223646454072010-01-27T17:49:00.001+06:002010-01-27T17:51:42.990+06:00CPD suggests fixing of boro paddy pricesCPD suggests fixing of boro paddy prices.<br /><br />For details read:<br />http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=118979<br /><br />My comment on this topic:<br />Rice production is one of the most crucial part of our agro-based economy on the basis of per-capita daily cereal intake. Important thing is that we have to find out marginal farmer oriented rice procurement policies that intensify the acceleration of current production dynamics.Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-2949069748967274122009-12-19T13:57:00.004+07:002009-12-19T14:25:44.040+07:00Financial crisis on vulnerable households in Bangladesh<div style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMazbahul%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; mso-font-alt:"Century Gothic"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Empirical evidence found support about effects of the financial crisis on vulnerable households in Bangladesh and pointed out as a complex breakdown for globally transmitted shocks. Indeed, the food insecurity emerges as a result of this crisis and the consequent adverse impact on the economy.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;font-family:arial;">
<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="font-family: courier new;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Classified two fold effects on both macro and household level explains the slowdown of agricultural export, volume of trade, migration, unemployment, lowering job opportunities, upward trend of food prices, which cuts the per capita food expenditure, and a cumulative effect on households earnings that leads to child labor.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;font-family:arial;">
<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: courier new;"> <span style=";font-size:100%;" >Ongoing responses and recommendations on the macroeconomic and public sectors subsidized vulnerable groups including bank and non-blank financial institutions, enhancing social protection programme (e.g. food for work, cash for work), acceleration of ADP implementations. Suggested follow up assessment on the macroeconomics and sectoral performances strengthening the present system and linkages between macro and micro levels.</span></div>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-22791409882136745732009-12-08T16:02:00.002+07:002009-12-08T16:04:46.832+07:00Ongoing Impact of Global Economic Meltdown on Food Insecurity<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGYECUCtZ556eJJcUbkNbG7yQ5WejjWfTGbyuN0ZSjSif9U5NBHfEKyhyphenhyphen5sXqOA4zTOb3e4wzbk2hqT75cWuqkbbHVgMzGoQHht0wNINPKND38RUTbT2nb3SGyjqVsut6JQuNucQjW5SU/s1600-h/willworkforfood111806.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 99px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGYECUCtZ556eJJcUbkNbG7yQ5WejjWfTGbyuN0ZSjSif9U5NBHfEKyhyphenhyphen5sXqOA4zTOb3e4wzbk2hqT75cWuqkbbHVgMzGoQHht0wNINPKND38RUTbT2nb3SGyjqVsut6JQuNucQjW5SU/s200/willworkforfood111806.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412788460361752226" border="0" /></a>It should be explored the linkage between the numbers of hungry people and ongoing global economic meltdown; while, the number of food insecured people in the world increased sharply.<br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />As a result of the global economic crisis, developing countries like Bangladesh are facing declining flow of inward remittances, export earnings, foreign direct investment and foreign aid, leading to loss of employment and income, which are compounded by international food prices. And hence, marginalized and poor households have been enforced to rely on eat less proffered food and to take fewer meals and, cut back on health and education expenditures, and sell their agriculture and livestock assets.<br /><br /><br />Analysis of FAO’s RIGA database of household survey shows that the rural landless who rely on daily basis wage labor, were most affected by the low food production and high prices; one-fifth of them cutting expenditures on health and one-third were becoming further indebted to institutional and non-institutional credit institutions.<br /><br /><br />The ongoing response actions to mitigate the impact of economic crisis on food by accelerating agricultural credit, investment and social safety nets programmes remains the key devices to fight against to continuing shocks although the food and economic crises, food insecurity in terms of hunger is on the rise.<br /><br />www.doitwell.ca/images/willworkforfood111806.jpg<br />Image may be subject to copyright. <img hidden="true" style="border: medium none ; position: absolute; z-index: 2147483647; opacity: 0.6; display: none;" src="data:image/png;base64,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%3D" id="myFxSearchImg" height="24" width="24" /></div>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-29473669832539528112009-11-29T00:13:00.000+07:002009-11-29T00:13:08.353+07:00Advances Agro-based SME SectorSmall and medium entrepreneurship(SME)sector can boost up agro-based economy, which have perpetual effect on decreasing food insecurity.Bangladesh Bank (BB) takes an initiative to rise SME sector and scheduled commercial banks also following to setup a SME branch, especially operating SME components.<br />
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Most notably, NCB's are not very efficient to spread SME loan; considering the new entrepreneurs and collateral obligations.But it should take a quick stand to explore the benefit of SME among all of Bangladeshi young people who have the next generation forces to rise our GDP growth.Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-80310169694552704622009-10-27T19:43:00.000+07:002009-10-27T19:43:34.146+07:00Green Stocks to Remove Food Vulnerability<div style="text-align: justify;"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CAsus%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="country-region" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><style>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY-019bQRrlU0GStVuuWawxt8wqKqxzs4JOvUOzHiocp0mI_HKC8Rc-bXq5v4-zMgN4yAVLwHLnUtGWIxx6NCkJgKrOHzp2IWr7Hh_k-KyPwNroFTBUcAxKMcOCcj6St2Uh8W2-0746bE/s1600-h/cscx.gif" imageanchor="1" linkindex="21" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY-019bQRrlU0GStVuuWawxt8wqKqxzs4JOvUOzHiocp0mI_HKC8Rc-bXq5v4-zMgN4yAVLwHLnUtGWIxx6NCkJgKrOHzp2IWr7Hh_k-KyPwNroFTBUcAxKMcOCcj6St2Uh8W2-0746bE/s200/cscx.gif" /></a><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Enhancing agro-based economy in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Bangladesh</st1:country-region> is deadly needed to eradicate the food insecurity and consequent vulnerability, especially at monga-prone and costal region.</span><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">As the manifestation of climate change has serious impact on grain production, we should increase local investment on agricultural farm production. But due to limited access of institutional credit (both BFI’s and NBFI’s) for SME sector related to agricultural production, government (ICB) should issues green stocks and mutual fund to raise capital to provide local agro-investment. It can promote food security and price correction of stock market as well.</span><br />
</div>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-32300054109087159112009-10-20T12:14:00.001+07:002009-10-22T00:31:39.215+07:00Climate Thought at COP15<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOkf7WDDpo3XPj8R0vaSMnXjYp33oNontseRkNNxO3N7WD8puBYv1EUdFKJvydYlub6E-Q7mdWAfGdjFIlePTQyef-SVLWhL0CGpQrBdDrGJ_OVevmihm7PG_87HmHfdHaAOhU9fAjsqo/s1600-h/screenshot.12.jpg" imageanchor="1" linkindex="242" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOkf7WDDpo3XPj8R0vaSMnXjYp33oNontseRkNNxO3N7WD8puBYv1EUdFKJvydYlub6E-Q7mdWAfGdjFIlePTQyef-SVLWhL0CGpQrBdDrGJ_OVevmihm7PG_87HmHfdHaAOhU9fAjsqo/s400/screenshot.12.jpg" /></a><br />
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</div> <span style="background-color: yellow;"></span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Support for conserve! Click http://en.cop15.dk/thoughts</span>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-41268749475931340242009-10-18T23:46:00.003+07:002009-10-19T00:08:57.647+07:00Climate conservation net fabrication<div style="background-color: white; color: #38761d; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
</div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUiv7MOoIEcJhj8UmS_HEyvuwWHeILkVaR8oYAYM4Upxv92dpi6cmq2ooNJkt7rPq8S1yrJgSQ0ktR0F0I0LPfeHg3w2t2bIitCyfvvrMz-Fw7GA2lwIsQDTHqStTirTOc3LZ5qZbl8dc/s1600-h/cop15_logo_img.gif" imageanchor="1" linkindex="15" style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUiv7MOoIEcJhj8UmS_HEyvuwWHeILkVaR8oYAYM4Upxv92dpi6cmq2ooNJkt7rPq8S1yrJgSQ0ktR0F0I0LPfeHg3w2t2bIitCyfvvrMz-Fw7GA2lwIsQDTHqStTirTOc3LZ5qZbl8dc/s320/cop15_logo_img.gif" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Our earth are said to go vulnerable due to unanticipated adverse impact of seasonal climate variability, man-made changes and extrajudicial recourse extraction. Evidently, the aftermath of climate change manifests itself in all of its dimensions, which have serious ecological and economic consequences, including losses of biodiversity and poverty, which presumably continues in perpetuity.</span><br style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /> <br style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> To eliminate these primordial impacts, it should be clarify young people’s awareness about climate change addressing environmental and ecological impact nexus that make targeted people well-informed and climate savvy. A sustainable agreement of COP15 subsequently increases competency and ability to accommodate with regulations.</span><br />
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</div>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-52244914502037862522009-10-18T15:27:00.008+07:002009-10-20T22:15:44.032+07:00Integral risk factors to seasonal food vulnerability<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgBTwcm6MJyMVmLwc1nFFGBPFsbWgm6ZPmdxg1gB9IPa0ib1_1Hxtpml_qGK2QkIqwo-XdHC49FxxXof8TS4Ibdg1RQ4gmzdTNCQ6iaUc0CZBan4uKsMJmdSqq1sOtDRlk6iUYEI1SN4Q/s1600-h/Young+pupils+with+next+generation+forces+to+monga+mitigation.jpg" linkindex="14" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5393854594275207282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgBTwcm6MJyMVmLwc1nFFGBPFsbWgm6ZPmdxg1gB9IPa0ib1_1Hxtpml_qGK2QkIqwo-XdHC49FxxXof8TS4Ibdg1RQ4gmzdTNCQ6iaUc0CZBan4uKsMJmdSqq1sOtDRlk6iUYEI1SN4Q/s320/Young+pupils+with+next+generation+forces+to+monga+mitigation.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 203px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 269px;" /></a><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">At North-Western region of Bangladesh seasonal scarcity of employment occurred during the locally lean period from mid September to mid November; and in this context, household’s per capita income falls and limited access to food grains diffuses over rural poor and landless as well as marginally land-owning families, concentrated in greater Rangpur (Kurigram, Gaibanda, Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat) and some part of Jamalpur district due to the incidence of extreme poor, lack of income and consumption resources as well.<br />
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Even if Bangladesh has made impressive attainments in ensuring food availability during the last three decades, even so, over 60 million people are said to go hungry every day. Significant intra-household disparity and discrimination in food also exists, especially in environmentally, economically vulnerable northern domain of Bangladesh, situated in Tista and Jamuna basin that are known to be monga prone.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Climate-risk to food vulnerability</span><br />
Apart from food scarcity, flood as climate-risk it causes, it also is a significant contributor of monga. It is said, with some degree of econometric estimation; <br />
unanticipated flood and river bank erosion manifests itself in all of its magnitudes, reducing the ability to withstand that prolong the recovery from entire poverty circle. Increment of medical and health expenditure for seasonal climate variability and lack of health service become as a primal portion of non-food expenditure. High payback of borrowed money with high interest rate from local Mohazan reduces the ability of buying food. All these inexplicit risk factors regarding climate change pertained to integral risk factors.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
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Bangladesh Poverty Map, revealed in a research conducted by BBS and WB in collaboration with the Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) unit of the UNWFP, is an attempt to estimating poverty at lower administrative level, which enable economic analyst, also of policy makers to recognize regional geo-economic inequality. This focused on the percentage of poor (upper poverty line) and extreme poor (lower poverty line), which explores Fulchhari (60.00% & 42.70%), Char Rajibpur (73.90% & 58.80%), Hatiabanda (56.50% & 36.90%), Dimla (75.70% & 61.50%) are the most poverty-stricken chars and flood affected mainland of Gaibanda, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat and Nilphamari districts respectively. Thus nearly three million people of the greater Rangpur who are chronically (extreme poor) poor are caught in such a cruel trap of poor and poverty.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Fourfold concept of food vulnerability </span><br />
Vulnerability resulting from food insecurity, in terms of basic fourfold FAO concepts-availability, access, utilization of food and stability of these three dimension over time- within the framework of poverty eradication, as the ex-ante (forward-looking) than ex-post risk or probability that a household will, if currently non-poor, fall below the poverty line, or if currently poor, will remain in poverty. Thus the dynamic nature of households food vulnerability to an outcome from a variety of risk factors that are seasonal unemployment, damages crop production at flood-prone, and an inability to manage those risk due to income as well as resource constraints. To combat with food insecurity objectives to be accomplished, all four dimensions must be consummated simultaneously.<br />
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Empirical evidence and field survey evaluate that about two-third of the households in these areas faces food shortage, whether transitory or chronic. Indeed, the crux of the transitory food insecurity is relatively unpredictable and can emerge suddenly, which makes intervention planning more challenging and requires different intervention capacities, inclusion of early warning capacity and social safety net programmes. River bank and flood-prone areas marked as high damaging response cluster are the worst-off among monga-hit regions in terms of food insecurity. More than one-third of the households in these vulnerable zones face food shortage throughout the year and another one-third face temporary or seasonal food shortage during the year.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Remedial measures of Government and NGO’s</span><br />
Core elements of various protection, prevention and promotional measures from government, international donor and development partner agencies and P-NGO’s reduces different degree of food severity considering causes and effects of monga. Budget FY 2009-10 allocates a broad spectrum for monga mitigation for both year round social safety net program and lean season. Vulnerable Group Development (VGD), Vulnerable Group Fund (VGF), Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction (CFPR), Chars Livelihood Program (CLP), Programmed Initiative for Monga the Eradication of Monga (PRIME) are the some well functioning mitigation program’s that combine social protections and complementary policy interventions.<br />
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Yet indeed, the direct beneficiaries of these income (IGA) and employment generating activities is near about to 10 to 15 percent of total affected people –revealed at a field survey 2009- due to limited budget allocation while rest of the people are uncovered at social protection nets. Ultra poor households in monga-hit regions, which have no land or fixed asset or both deprived by eating limited variety of food or eat fewer meals in a day even daylong hunger; specially women and children. These produces serious social and economic consequences, including low schooling rate, losses in national productivity, income and income generating capacity for the future generation, which presumably continues in perpetuity.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Consumption and livelihood coping strategies of vulnerable people</span><br />
Reduced consumption as well as livelihood coping strategy index explains a quick qualitative look and rank on monga mitigating options, more applicable for geographical targeting and resource allocation. Reduced CCSI was developed as a local context-specific indicator of food insecurity that counts up and weight coping behavior at local household level. Household had to rely on less preferred food, borrow from neighbor, purchase food on credit (borrowing with high interest rate) , or gather food from natural/wild sources if there have been times when family did not enough money to buy food in monga or locally slack seasons. A very hardship comes when people induced to sell agricultural products, livestock and fixed/movable asset or temporary migration.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">How solve this temporary food crisis?</span><br />
Since food vulnerability to an outcome from a variety of risk, policy makers should broaden their efforts to analyze and clarify the risk factors of food insecurity addressing time fixed action plan to reduce the degree of severity and enhancing the ability to cope up with different preventive measurement. Minimum calorie intake should be ensured for the unprivileged vulnerable groups through linked channels of connectivity involving strategic or buffer stock of food grains in upazilla level, convenient supply chain management and, equal allocation of sufficient food aid. A comprehensive program should be taken to eradicate the curse of monga, and implementation of the program is being monitored by the government extensions continuously.<br />
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Notwithstanding the fact that reducing food intake throughout slack seasons is one of the distinguishing features (over 80 percent) for coping with the monga has been resonated, and response actions should have on the basis on pre-crisis early warning system. In view of upcoming momentum of monga, directly observed short term treatments as suggested will be declines the pre-assumed vulnerable group’s basic food demand and health services with full fledged cover, at early of September. These apart, it increasing resilience to preliminary shocks and stresses generated from socio-economic constraints, climate risks and subsequent employment volatility. Otherwise, in fact, it will be difficult for affected households to combat with monga. The number of size and outreach of mitigating strategies that have been, and are being, adopted across the monga-prone areas by GO’s, international development/donor agencies and P-NGO’s from northern to north-western region, testify to the prediction.<br />
</div>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53546688870733959.post-82893426008620686972009-10-14T16:41:00.007+07:002009-10-20T22:10:01.783+07:00Intensifying pre-crisis coping strategies of seasonal food vulnerability in Bangladesh<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWQsCv7IQg7G5oBkRUCGQNgy8mj-uPFeta8Gwp0dLQ5n5gzbQT9cg3Z4WBsoeatb6WNegiR6OiQP_N2GjsuFA-tE1vNKBvxNSxrgAXXfGDLNImt-R74m3oBl7B9V-iaspRijxbM3h_W8/s1600-h/Children+are+deprived+by+eating+limited+variety+of+food+even+day-long+hunger.jpg" linkindex="15" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5393852745573894450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWQsCv7IQg7G5oBkRUCGQNgy8mj-uPFeta8Gwp0dLQ5n5gzbQT9cg3Z4WBsoeatb6WNegiR6OiQP_N2GjsuFA-tE1vNKBvxNSxrgAXXfGDLNImt-R74m3oBl7B9V-iaspRijxbM3h_W8/s320/Children+are+deprived+by+eating+limited+variety+of+food+even+day-long+hunger.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 240px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 320px;" /></a></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bangladesh has made impressive achievements in ensuring food availability during the last three</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> decades. Even so, over 60 million people are said to go hungry every day. Significant intra-household disparity and discrimination in food also exist especially in the environmentally and economically vulnerable northern region of Bangladesh, situated in between the Teesta and the Jamuna basin that are known to be 'monga' prone.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Monga is seasonal scarcity of employment during the locally lean period from mid-September to</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> mid-November. During this period the per capita income falls and leads to scarcity of food amongst</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> mainly rural poor, landless as well as marginally land-owning families, concentrated mainly in greater Rangpur (Kurigram, Gaibanda, Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat) and some parts of Jamalpur district.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Bangladesh Poverty Map, a research conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and World Bank (WB) in collaboration with the Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) unit of the UNWFP, is an attempt to estimate poverty at lower administrative level. It is intended to enable economic analysts and policymakers to recognize regional geo-economic inequality. It focused on the percentage of poor (upper poverty line) and extremely poor (lower poverty line). This found Fulchhari (60.00% & 42.70%), Char Rajibpur (73.90% & 58.80%), Hatiabanda (56.50% & 36.90%) and Dimla (75.70% & 61.50%) are the most poverty-stricken chars and flood affected mainlands of Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat and Nilphamari districts respectively. Thus nearly three million people of the greater Rangpur and Dinajpur region who are chronically (extremely poor) poor are caught in such a cruel trap of poverty.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Food insecurity and consequent vulnerability, in terms of basic four-fold FAO concepts -- availability, access, <a name='more'></a></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">utilisation of food and stability of these three dimension over time -- within the framework of poverty eradication, is the ex-ante (forward-looking) risk or probability that a household will, if currently non-poor, fall below the poverty line, or if currently poor, will remain in poverty. Thus the dynamic nature of food vulnerability in households is an outcome from a variety of risk factors (seasonal unemployment, damaged crop production) and an inability to manage those risks due to income as well as resource constraints.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Evidence and field research shows that about two-third of the households in these areas face food</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> shortage, whether transitory or chronic. River bank and flood-prone areas, marked as high damaging response cluster, are the worst-off among monga-prone areas in terms of food insecurity. More than one-third of the households in these vulnerable zones face food shortage throughout the year and another one-third face temporary or seasonal food shortage during the year.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Core elements of various protection, prevention and promotional measures from government, local</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> and national non-governmental organisations (NGOs), international donor and development partner</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> agencies have reduced different degrees of food severity in the monga areas. The budget of fiscal year (FY) 2009-10 allocates a broad spectrum of tends for monga mitigation for both year-round social safety net programme and lean season. Vulnerable Group Development (VGD), Vulnerable Group Fund (VGF), Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction (CFPR), Chars Livelihood Programme (CLP), Programmed Initiative for Monga and the Eradication of Monga (PRIME) are some of the mitigation programmes working well and these combine social protection and complementary policy interventions.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Indeed, the direct beneficiaries of these income and employment generating activities are near about 10 to 15 per cent of total affected people due to limited budget allocation while the rest are not covered under social protection nets. Ultra poor households in monga-hit regions, which have no land or fixed asset or both are deprived as they can eat only a limited variety of food or eat fewer meals in a day and even suffer daylong hunger. Specially women and children are mostly affected in this case, producing serious social and economic consequences, including low schooling rate, losses in national productivity, income and income generating capacity for the future generation. This presumably continues in perpetuity.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reduced consumption as well as livelihood coping strategy index explains a quick qualitative look and rank on monga mitigating options. Households had to rely on less preferred food, borrow from</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> neighbours, purchase food on credit (borrowing with high interest rate), or gather food from</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> natural/wild sources when the family did not have enough money to buy food in monga or locally slack seasons. Hardship comes when people are induced to sell agricultural products, livestock and fixed/movable assets or take temporary migration.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As food vulnerability is an outcome from a variety of risk, policy-makers should broaden their efforts</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> to analyze the risk factors of food insecurity addressing time fixed action plan to reduce the degree of severity and enhancing the ability to cope with different preventive strategies. Minimum calorie intake should be ensured for the unprivileged vulnerable groups through linked channels of connectivity involving strategic or buffer stock of food grains at upazila level, convenient supply chain management and, equal allocation of sufficient food aid.</span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Published in The Financial Express, July 15, 2009</span><br />
</span><br />
</div>Bangladesh Economy: Contemporary Issueshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13718050239812300542noreply@blogger.com0